Select Transformation

Select Numerical Variables

Transformed Data Preview

Preview of the transformed observations.

🔎 Research Interpretation

⚠️ Important Research Guidance

• Data transformation should be selected based on the distribution, scale, and scientific meaning of the variable.
• Logarithmic transformations are commonly used for positive, right-skewed data and multiplicative relationships.
• Square-root transformation can be useful for count data or variables showing variance related to the mean.
• Reciprocal transformation produces 1/x and can substantially change the scale and interpretation of the variable.
• Logarithmic transformations require positive values. Zero and negative values cannot be transformed directly using log(x).
• Square-root transformation requires values that are zero or greater.
• Reciprocal transformation cannot be calculated when x = 0.
• Transformation does not automatically make data normally distributed. Distributional assumptions should be evaluated after transformation.
• Researchers should retain the original data and document the transformation used in the research methodology.